In expectancy theory, valence is the perception that high levels of effort will lead to outcomes of interest like performance.

a. the perception that performance is related to subsequent outcomes such as rewards.
b. the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.
c. the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity.

all of them lol cause theres no map

abraham lincoln issued the preliminary emancipation proclamation on september 22nd, 1862. it stipulated that if the southern states did not cease their rebellion by january 1st, 1863, then proclamation would go into effect.

the question deals with financial planning and the answer is that dan did not stay on budget due to the fact that this guy needs to start decreasing his discretionary spending. according to the financial plan, he needed to balance his expenses and resources.

answer; eliminate parking problems in cities, because a car took up only half as much space as a horse and buggy;