Given the general agreement that pollution is undesirable and social welfare is increased by reducing pollution, the optimal level of pollution in a society is: a. the level that minimizes the average total cost of producing the product that generates the pollution. b. zero. c. the level at which the marginal social cost is equal to the marginal social benefit. d. the level that reduces the marginal social costs of pollution to zero.

c. the level at which the marginal social cost is equal to the marginal social benefit.

Explanation:

Optimal level of Pollution is defined as the level of pollution whereby social welfare is maximized by equating the marginal cost of additional pollution with the marginal benefit.

The concept of the optimal level as expressed by Socio-Economist, recognizes that there is benefits to allowing pollution, such that, it is not efficient to reduce pollution to zero. Because, the cost of this reduction would probably exceed the benefits.

In other words, the benefits that will be derived from the optimum pollution would be lost if pollution is to be eliminated.

for many centuries there were important factors which the economies of the muslim empires developed increasingly. they applied economic procedures in production, investment, finance, taxation and property. they used to tax certain goods (for example: harvest), they charged interest on money lent, they signed contracts with merchants; they relied on a common currency, and they used checks as well as promissory notes. with the money collected by means of taxation, the government provided the needy with an income. in addition, trading networks covered huge distances, so far regions started to have contact and exchange goods. this trade network covered areas of asia, africa and europe.