Factors such as strong child-to-parent bonds; open communication; consistent disciplining; consistent high levels of parental warmth, affection, and emotional support; and high levels of supervision are referred to as what type of factors?

Protective factors

Explanation:

Protective factors : These are conditions or attributes in individuals, families, communities, or the society at large, which lessen or eliminate risk in such families or communities. It includes open communication; consistent disciplining; consistent high levels of parental warmth, affection, and emotional support. Etc