Article iv. the people of this commonwealth have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves, as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and do, and forever hereafter shall, exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not, or may not hereafter, be by them expressly delegated to the united states of america in congress assembled. state constitution, adopted 1870
which description best explains the significance of this excerpt to the current government of massachusetts?
a. this excerpt is an example of a fundamental law of lasting importance that should not be changed
b. this excerpt is an example of a statutory law that should be passed as an ordinary piece of legislation
c. this excerpt is an example of a miscellaneous provision that no longer has any effect but has been left in the document
d. this excerpt is an example of a preamble that has no legal force but describes the intent of the document