Which eats are ways that the economy is effected when the unemployment rate goes up. select all that apply

a. fewer people pay income taxes

b. sales tax rates goes down

c. many people refinance their houses

d. less money i spent on investments

e. people spend more money on larger items

C is probably one of them, if you are unemployed you probably will spend less. I'm not sure about the other ones.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.