Dinoflagellates can perform photosynthesis and provide energy for themselves and for the coral that they live near. the coral provide protection to the dinoflagellates. this is an example of a a. mutualistic relationship. b. dependent relationship. c. parasitic relationship. d. commensalistic relationship.

A

Explanation:

There are benefits for both sides which directly defines a mutualistic relationship

A. mutualistic relationship.

Explanation:

Dinoflagellates are the algae which belongs to the family of Symbiodiniaceae. It is a single celled algae. It develops a mutualistic relationship with the coral polyps. The function of the dinoflagellates is the conduction of the process of photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis are shared with the coral polyps which gives energy to the coral polyps to form calcium carbonate skeletons. The waste produced after this process in the form of inorganic nutrients and carbon dioxide is again utilized by the dinoflagellates. This way both species obtains the benefit. Hence, it is a mutualistic relationship between the two species.

sexual reproduction produces offspring with novel combinations of genes. species that reproduce sexually must maintain two different types of individuals, males and females, which can limit the ability to colonize new habitats as both sexes must be present.