Each proton that moves across the membrane releases about 14 kJ/mol of energy. Given that ATP requires 30.5 kJ/mol of energy to form, how many protons cross the membrane per ATP synthesized

"d.) carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide"

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

ya the other dude is right