How do I calculate latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates?

Which of the following about topsoil is fake?

Analyze the map below and answer the question that follows. image by mdf the map projection above was created using mathematical formulas to calculate distances. it has a small amount of distortion. which map projection is shown in this image? a. the goode projection b. the political projection c. the mercator projection d. the winkel tripel projectio

What was apartheid and how did it restrict the rights of non-whites?