A nursing assistant is monitoring Frank's input, output, and nutritional input. Frank is not feeling nauseous and is eating every day. Which describes the best way to measure input, output, and nutritional input?
Intake: write the total amount of fluids given to Frank
Output: use a bedpan to measure output
Nutritional input: divide Frank's plate into quarters to approximate the amount of food eaten
Intake: write the total amount of fluids given to Frank
Output: use a urinal to measure output
Nutritional input: use an emesis basin to measure the amount of food Frank ate
Intake: use graduated glassware to measure the amount of liquids consumed versus total given
Output: use an emesis basin to measure output
Nutritional input: ask Frank how much he thinks he ate after each meal
Intake: use graduated glassware to measure the amount of liquids consumed versus total given
Output: use a urinal to measure output
Nutritional input: divide Frank's plate into quarters to approximate the amount of food eaten

    however, coronary heart disease , or chd, is actually a result of coronary artery disease, or cad, said edward a. fisher, m.d., ph.d., m.p.h., an american heart association volunteer who is the leon h. charney professor of cardiovascular medicine and also of the marc and ruti bell vascular biology and disease program at the nyu school of medicine.

  with coronary artery disease, plaque first grows within the walls of the coronary arteries until the blood flow to the heart’s muscle is limited. view an illustration of coronary arteries. this is also called ischemia. it may be chronic, narrowing of the coronary artery over time and limiting of the blood supply to part of the muscle. or it can be acute, resulting from a sudden rupture of a plaque and formation of a thrombus or blood clot.

    the traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease are high ldl cholesterol, low hdl cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history, diabetes, smoking, being post-menopausal for women and being older than 45 for men, according to fisher. obesity may also be a risk factor.

    “coronary artery disease begins in childhood, so that by the teenage years, there is evidence that plaques that will stay with us for life are formed in most people,” said fisher, who is former editor of the american heart association journal, atvb. “preventive measures instituted early are thought to have greater lifetime benefits. healthy lifestyles will delay the progression of cad, and there is hope that cad can be regressed before it causes chd.”

  living a healthy lifestyle that incorporates good nutrition, weight management and getting plenty of physical activity can play a big role in avoiding cad.

    “coronary artery disease is preventable,” agreed johnny lee, m.d., president of new york heart associates, and an american heart association volunteer. “typical warning signs are chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations and even fatigue.” if you feel any of these symptoms, don’t delay — call 9-1-1.