How did US veterinarians typically receive training before veterinary schools were established?

Before the establishment of veterinary schools in the United States, students studied veterinary science in Europe and had to complete a(n)

before they could start their own practice.

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Before the establishment of veterinary schools in the United States, students studied veterinary science in Europe and had to complete an undergraduate program for four years before they could start their own practice. They required experience in animal handling.

The first veterinaries that arrived at the United States where English Charles Clark in 1817 and Prussian John Rose in 1827. The first Veterinary colleges in the United States were the New York College of Veterinary Surgeons (1857), Cornell University (1868), and the American Veterinary College (1875). In 1903, the Iowa State College opened the first four-year veterinary course.

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the causes of the dust bowls were severe droughts,   lands became dry and hard, temperature was higher than usual, hot and dry conditions killed crops, high winds. because of those factors, the winds kicked up dry soil and created clouds of dust.