For centuries, the pope had been based in Rome. Then, in 1309, Pope Clement V moved the Roman Catholic Church to Avignon, France. Given the power of the Church at that time, how might this move have affected the relationship between the Church and the Papal States? Between the Church and the Italian city-states? How might it have affected France?

The move to Avignon gave more power to the French Kingdom, at the expense of the Italian city-states, and especially, of the Papal States.

Explanation:

Because the Papal states were the Italian territories that were under direct control of the Church, when the Pope moved to Avignon, he annexed the city to the Papal States, so technically it was part of them. However, in practice, the pope was mostly influenced by French nobles, and had little power over the Italian papal states.

This was an opportunity for the Italian nobles of the region, who seized more power and control over the area.

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yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.