, which supply relevant, accurate, timely information in a format that will aid them in making decisions, are tailored to the needs of individual managers.

Reports

Explanation: Report refers to an account given of a particular situation, it is mostly in form of an official document, after thorough investigation or consideration by an appointed person or body.

Reports is a important means of communicating information which has been compiled as a result of research, analysis of data and of issues. However reports usually focus on transmitting information with a clear purpose, to a specific audience and are tailored to the needs of individual managers.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

the correct answer is d