Which theory holds that language shapes our thoughts and perceptions to such an extent that people who speak languages that lack a common foundation have difficulty directly communicating and translating their ideas from one language to the other?
a. Nativist theoryb. Theory of innately guided learningc. Linguistic determinism hypothesisd. Skinnerian theory of language

c. Linguistic determinism hypothesis.

Explanation:

The linguistic determinism hypothesis is also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. According to this theory, the language we speak determines our thought processes - such as memorization, categorization, and perception - and influences our social reality. Therefore, people who grow up speaking different mother tongues may have a hard time expressing their ideas in other languages. Their ideas and perceptions of the world are connected to the language they speak.

The Sapir-Whorf theory is used in the movie "Arrival", in which a linguist's cognitive processes are deeply enhanced by learning and immersing in an alien language.

d. the polar jet stream   lies between the polar easterlies and trade winds should be your answer

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