What can you say about the size and direction of the applied force, and the size and direction of the spring force, also sometimes called the restoring force?

The restoring force is directly proportional to the deflection of the spring.

Explanation:

The size of deflection of the spring is directly proportional to the restoring force of the spring.

The restoring force of the spring is due to the elasticity of the spring design and its material.

Mathematically the restoring force is given as:

where:

stiffness constant of the spring

deflection in the size of the spring

Hence we can say that the restoring force is directly proportional to the deflection of the spring.

beta is electron from nucleus

something from nucleus has changed, but charge must be same for cons of charge

force required to detach it is given by

charges are taken to be fundamental charge

now we have

so above is the minimum distance at which it will detach